COURSE VI‐ TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS FIRST SEMESTER Course outline 1. Theory (External) : 60 marks , 36 hrs. 2. Assignments/ Projects/ Study/ : 40 marks Activities/ Practical/ Tests 18 hrs. , (Internal) Unit – 1 : Objectives and place of Mathematics in School Curriculum 14 marks , 8.5 hrs. 1.1 Objective of teaching mathematics at the primary stage. 1.2 Place of mathematics in School curriculum with reference to its utility in daily life. 1.3 Values of teaching mathematics. 1.4 Relationship of mathematics with other subjects. Unit 2: Content Analysis 14 marks , 8.5 hrs. 2.1 Content analysis – analysis of mathematical content in terms of the content categories, facts, concepts, generalizations and processes. 2.2 Sequencing of the content categories. Stating the objectives of teaching the content categories. 2.3 Design strategies of teaching the content categories, unit planning and lesson planning. Unit 3: Number System 12 marks , 7 hrs. 3.1 Number and numerals, digits, natural numbers, whole numbers, place values, four basic operations on numbers, different kinds of numbers such as odd, even, prime, composite, co‐prime and twin‐primes. 3.2 Representation of numbers on number line. 3.3 Numbers with different bases. 3.4 LCM and HCF of numbers, integers, rational numbers, irrational numbers and real numbers. Unit 4: Fractions 10marks , 6 hrs. 4.1 Proper, improper and mixed fraction. 4.2 Conversion of decimal numbers into proper fractions and vice versa. 4.3 Four basic operations of fractions and decimals. 4.4 Percentage, conversion of percentage into fractions and vice versa. Unit ‐5 : Contribution of ancient Mathematicians 10 marks 6 hrs Contribution of Braham Gupta, Bhaskaracharya, Ramanujan in mathematics. Historical development of numbers and geometry, contribution of Arya Bhatt. SECOND SEMESTER Course outline 1. Theory (External) 60 marks , 36 hrs. 2. Assignments/ Projects/ Study/ 40 marks Activities/ Practicals/ Tests (Internal) 18 hrs 3. Field work (Teaching Practice‐ External) 40Marks (Teaching Practice – Internal) 10Marks , 20 hrs Unit ‐ 6 : Methods of Teaching Mathematics 14 marks , 8.5 hrs. 6.1 Concept formation in mathematics – Piagetian stages of number development coordination‐ ordination –conservation. 6.2 Expository and guided discovery. 6.3 Inductive and deductive approach. 6.4 Analytic and synthetic approach. 6.5 Problem solving, meaning and importance of teaching problem solving, stages in problem solving, techniques to improve solving skills. 6.6 Play way method. Unit ‐7 : Measurement 10 marks , 6 hrs. Different units of measurement such as length, weight, time, currency, temperature, area, volume, capacity and their conversion into smaller and bigger units. 1. Student teacher will measure the length and breadth of exercise book, table, blackboard, classroom and windows and height of ceiling. 2. Distance between two points on uneven surface will be measured with the help of a cord or a measuring tape. 3. Size of a drop should be measured with the help of pippets. Unit ‐8 : Ratio and Proportion 12 marks , 7 hrs. Direct and inverse ratio problems related to the ratio and proportion. Unit ‐9 : Commercial Arithmetic 14 marks , 8.5 hrs. 9.1 Profit and loss. 9.2 Discount. 9.3 Simple interest compound interest. 9.4 Use of tables of interest. 9.5 Percentage. 9.6 Square root and cube root. Unit ‐ 10 : Algebraic Expressions 10 marks , 6 hrs 10.1 Indices and exponents. 10.2 Algebraic expressions and basic operations on algebraic expressions. 10.3 Factors of linear and quadratic expressions

COURSE VI‐ TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS

FIRST SEMESTER

Course outline 1. Theory (External) : 60 marks , 36 hrs.

2. Assignments/ Projects/ Study/ : 40 marks

Activities/ Practical/ Tests 18 hrs. , (Internal)

Unit – 1 : Objectives and place of Mathematics in School Curriculum

 14 marks , 8.5 hrs.

1.1 Objective of teaching mathematics at the primary stage.

1.2 Place of mathematics in School curriculum with reference to its utility in

daily life.

1.3 Values of teaching mathematics.

1.4 Relationship of mathematics with other subjects.

Unit 2: Content Analysis 14 marks , 8.5 hrs.

2.1 Content analysis – analysis of mathematical content in terms of the content

categories, facts, concepts, generalizations and processes.

2.2 Sequencing of the content categories. Stating the objectives of teaching the

content categories.

2.3 Design strategies of teaching the content categories, unit planning and

lesson planning.

Unit 3: Number System 12 marks , 7 hrs.

3.1 Number and numerals, digits, natural numbers, whole numbers, place

values, four basic operations on numbers, different kinds of numbers such

as odd, even, prime, composite, co‐prime and twin‐primes.

3.2 Representation of numbers on number line.

3.3 Numbers with different bases.

3.4 LCM and HCF of numbers, integers, rational numbers, irrational

numbers and real numbers.

Unit 4: Fractions 10marks , 6 hrs.

4.1 Proper, improper and mixed fraction.

4.2 Conversion of decimal numbers into proper fractions and vice versa.

4.3 Four basic operations of fractions and decimals.

4.4 Percentage, conversion of percentage into fractions and vice versa.

Unit ‐5 : Contribution of ancient Mathematicians 10 marks

6 hrs

Contribution of Braham Gupta, Bhaskaracharya, Ramanujan in mathematics.

Historical development of numbers and geometry, contribution of Arya Bhatt.

SECOND SEMESTER

Course outline 1. Theory (External) 60 marks , 36 hrs.

2. Assignments/ Projects/ Study/ 40 marks

Activities/ Practicals/ Tests

(Internal) 18 hrs

3. Field work

(Teaching Practice‐ External) 40Marks

(Teaching Practice – Internal) 10Marks , 20 hrs

Unit ‐ 6 : Methods of Teaching Mathematics 14 marks , 8.5 hrs.

6.1 Concept formation in mathematics – Piagetian stages of number development coordination‐

ordination –conservation.

6.2 Expository and guided discovery.

6.3 Inductive and deductive approach.

6.4 Analytic and synthetic approach.

6.5 Problem solving, meaning and importance of teaching problem solving, stages in problem

solving, techniques to improve solving skills.

6.6 Play way method.

Unit ‐7 : Measurement 10 marks , 6 hrs.

Different units of measurement such as length, weight, time, currency, temperature,

area, volume, capacity and their conversion into smaller and bigger units.

1. Student teacher will measure the length and breadth of exercise book, table, blackboard,

classroom and windows and height of ceiling.

2. Distance between two points on uneven surface will be measured with the help of a cord or

a measuring tape.

3. Size of a drop should be measured with the help of pippets.

Unit ‐8 : Ratio and Proportion 12 marks , 7 hrs.

Direct and inverse ratio problems related to the ratio and proportion.

Unit ‐9 : Commercial Arithmetic 14 marks , 8.5 hrs.

9.1 Profit and loss.

9.2 Discount.

9.3 Simple interest compound interest.

9.4 Use of tables of interest.

9.5 Percentage.

9.6 Square root and cube root.

Unit ‐ 10 : Algebraic Expressions 10 marks , 6 hrs

10.1 Indices and exponents.

10.2 Algebraic expressions and basic operations on algebraic expressions.

10.3 Factors of linear and quadratic expressions

COURSE VI‐ TEACHING OF MATHEMATICS

FIRST SEMESTER

Course outline 1. Theory (External) : 60 marks , 36 hrs.

2. Assignments/ Projects/ Study/ : 40 marks

Activities/ Practical/ Tests 18 hrs. , (Internal)

Unit – 1 : Objectives and place of Mathematics in School Curriculum

 14 marks , 8.5 hrs.

1.1 Objective of teaching mathematics at the primary stage.

1.2 Place of mathematics in School curriculum with reference to its utility in

daily life.

1.3 Values of teaching mathematics.

1.4 Relationship of mathematics with other subjects.

Unit 2: Content Analysis 14 marks , 8.5 hrs.

2.1 Content analysis – analysis of mathematical content in terms of the content

categories, facts, concepts, generalizations and processes.

2.2 Sequencing of the content categories. Stating the objectives of teaching the

content categories.

2.3 Design strategies of teaching the content categories, unit planning and

lesson planning.

Unit 3: Number System 12 marks , 7 hrs.

3.1 Number and numerals, digits, natural numbers, whole numbers, place

values, four basic operations on numbers, different kinds of numbers such

as odd, even, prime, composite, co‐prime and twin‐primes.

3.2 Representation of numbers on number line.

3.3 Numbers with different bases.

3.4 LCM and HCF of numbers, integers, rational numbers, irrational

numbers and real numbers.

Unit 4: Fractions 10marks , 6 hrs.

4.1 Proper, improper and mixed fraction.

4.2 Conversion of decimal numbers into proper fractions and vice versa.

4.3 Four basic operations of fractions and decimals.

4.4 Percentage, conversion of percentage into fractions and vice versa.

Unit ‐5 : Contribution of ancient Mathematicians 10 marks

6 hrs

Contribution of Braham Gupta, Bhaskaracharya, Ramanujan in mathematics.

Historical development of numbers and geometry, contribution of Arya Bhatt.

SECOND SEMESTER

Course outline 1. Theory (External) 60 marks , 36 hrs.

2. Assignments/ Projects/ Study/ 40 marks

Activities/ Practicals/ Tests

(Internal) 18 hrs

3. Field work

(Teaching Practice‐ External) 40Marks

(Teaching Practice – Internal) 10Marks , 20 hrs

Unit ‐ 6 : Methods of Teaching Mathematics 14 marks , 8.5 hrs.

6.1 Concept formation in mathematics – Piagetian stages of number development coordination‐

ordination –conservation.

6.2 Expository and guided discovery.

6.3 Inductive and deductive approach.

6.4 Analytic and synthetic approach.

6.5 Problem solving, meaning and importance of teaching problem solving, stages in problem

solving, techniques to improve solving skills.

6.6 Play way method.

Unit ‐7 : Measurement 10 marks , 6 hrs.

Different units of measurement such as length, weight, time, currency, temperature,

area, volume, capacity and their conversion into smaller and bigger units.

1. Student teacher will measure the length and breadth of exercise book, table, blackboard,

classroom and windows and height of ceiling.

2. Distance between two points on uneven surface will be measured with the help of a cord or

a measuring tape.

3. Size of a drop should be measured with the help of pippets.

Unit ‐8 : Ratio and Proportion 12 marks , 7 hrs.

Direct and inverse ratio problems related to the ratio and proportion.

Unit ‐9 : Commercial Arithmetic 14 marks , 8.5 hrs.

9.1 Profit and loss.

9.2 Discount.

9.3 Simple interest compound interest.

9.4 Use of tables of interest.

9.5 Percentage.

9.6 Square root and cube root.

Unit ‐ 10 : Algebraic Expressions 10 marks , 6 hrs

10.1 Indices and exponents.

10.2 Algebraic expressions and basic operations on algebraic expressions.

10.3 Factors of linear and quadratic expressions

COURSE‐ V: TEACHING OF ENGLISH

FIRST SEMESTER

Course Outline

1 Theory(external) : 60 marks , 36 hrs

2 Assignments /projects/study/ 40 marks

activities/practical/tests (internal) , 18 hrs

Unit‐I Need, importance and objectives of teaching of English.

20 marks  , 13 hrs

1.1 Need and importance of teaching English at primary stage.

1.2 Aims and objectives of teaching of English as second language at primary stage.

1.3 Place of mother tongue in teaching of English

1.4 Unit‐2 Methods and approaches in teaching of English

20 marks , 13 hrs

2.1 Direct method, bilingual method and translation method

2.2 Contemporary Approaches in teaching of English

• Structural

• Situational

• Communicative

Unit‐3 Some basics of English Grammar

20 marks , 10 hrs

2.1 Sentence: Types of Sentences

2.2 Subject and Predicate

2.3 Noun: Kinds, illustrations and uses

2.4 Pronoun: Kinds, illustrations and uses

SECOND SEMESTER

Course Outline

1 Theory(external) : 60 marks , 36 hrs

2 Assignments /projects/study/ 40 marks

Activities/practical/tests (internal) 18 hrs

3 Field Work:

Teaching practice‐External 40 marks

Teaching practice‐Internal 10 marks , 20 hrs

Unit ‐4 Teaching the basic skills of English , 30 marks

20 hrs.

4.1 Listening and speaking skills

Listening with comprehension

(i) Phonetics: Only elementary idea about phonetics such as, definition and

classification of speech sound‐vowel and consonant sounds should be

introduced. Some words of each sound should be given for practice.

(ii) Stress, Rhythm, Intonation and Punctuation. Pupil teacher should be

acquainted with the concept of stress, rhythm, intonation and pauses etc.

They should also be familiarised with punctuation in spoken language up to

the extent of pauses.

(iii) Verbal gestures, commands and responses

4.2 Organizing following activities to develop these skills:

• Role Play

• Dramatics

• Visit to primary/middle schools for

􀂙 The observation of English lessons taught by regular class teachers.

􀂙 Listening to models of English speech and recorded material.

􀂙 Practice in correct spoken English through conversation, oral reading,

story‐telling, narration and recitation etc.

􀂙 Practice of correct pronunciation of some new/difficult words and

mispronounced words in the text books of primary classes.

4.3 Reading Skill

• Recognition of alphabet(capital and small)

• Word recognition

• Decoding unfamiliar/unknown sounds (understanding and explanation)

The pupil teacher will be taught to impart the children the knowledge of

sound first by speaking then by making them speak (alphabet and words)

• Reading with comprehension

• Making inferences

These skills will be enhanced by:

Use of dictionary, flash cards, charts, organizing reading games etc.

4.4 Writing Skill

(i) Mechanics of handwriting

• Strokes and curves

• Transcription (*Transcription means symbolic representation of

alphabetic sounds, to turn into written form of anything)

• Scripts of language

• Importance and characteristics of good handwriting

• Causes of bad hand writing and remedial measures

• Dictation

Unit‐5 Teaching Composition , 15 marks , 08 hrs.

5.1 Writing Sentences, connected sentences, developing paragraphs based on

persons, animals and surrounding objects.

5.2 Guided writing: developing simple stories from the given outlines and

pictures

5.3. Free and creative writing.

Unit‐6 Some basics of English Grammar , 15 marks , 08 hrs.

6.1 Articles

6.2 Adjective: Kinds, Illustrations and uses

6.3 Verb‐Kind and Conjugation of Verbs

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COURSE - III : TEACHER FUNCTIONS AT THE PRIMARY STAGE

FIRST SEMESTER:

Course Outline 3. Theory (External) : 60 Marks , 36 Hrs.

4.Assignments/ Project/ Study/ Activities/

Practical/ Tests (Internal) : 40 Marks , 16 Hrs.

Unit - 1 : Curriculum - A Conceptual Framework 16 Marks , 10 Hrs.

1.1. Objectives of primary education.

1.2. Concept of curriculum and process of designing of curriculum.

1.3. Principles of curriculum planning.

1.4. Minimum levels of learning: introduction and important features.

1.5. Holistic Education- Education for all round holistic personality development---

intellectual, physical, emotional, social, and spiritual. Education is incomplete

without Art Education which helps in aesthetic as well as emotional development.

Provisions in schools for imparting education in Music, Dance, Drama, Painting

and other such fields. Health and Physical Education is indeed an integral

component of the Educational Programme in schools.

Unit - 2 : Teaching strategies and skills 16 Marks , 10 Hrs.

2.1. Teaching-learning : concept and relationship, planning instruction/teaching: Year

plan, monthly plan, unit plan, lesson plan

2.2. Analysing teaching skills : Black Board writing, explaining, dramatization,

stimulus variation, reinforcement, illustrating with examples, narration and story

telling.

2.3 Multi grade Teaching.

2.4 Creative Teaching: presenting content in different novel ways, adopting learner

centered approach

2.5 Types of teacher behaviour - direct and indirect, verbal and non -verbal.

Unit - 3 : Educational Evaluation 16 Marks , 10 Hrs.

3.1 Concept of measurement and evaluation.

3.2 Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation (CCE)

3.3 Continuous and Comprehensive Evaluation need to be given importance.

While dealing with the topic(s), the following issues are required to figure

prominently:

3.1 Meaning and concept of CCE

3.2 Qualitative / descriptive evaluation

3.3 Grading - Absolute and Relative

3.5 Evaluative Criteria, techniques and Tools of CCE

3.6 Co-scholastic Areas: Health Status, Personal and Social Qualities,

Interests (Literary, Scientific, Artistic, Cultural), Attitudes &

Values, Outdoor Co curricular Activities, Cubs/Bulbuls,

Scouts/Guides, NSS, etc.

3.7 CCE Scheme as introduced by the Board of School Education,

Haryana.

Unit - 4 : Fundamentals of computers 12 Marks , 6 Hrs.

4.1 Definition, Characteristics, Types and Generations of computers, Limitations and

Applications of Computers, Data Processing: Concept, Definition of Information and

data, Basic data types

4.2 Components of Computer System: Central Processing Unit (CPU), input/output

Devices, computer Memory: primary and secondary memory, magnetic and optical

storage devices, Concept of Hardware and Software

4.3 Operating System: Definition, Functions and Characteristics of Operating system,

M.S-Windows: basic components, icons and their types, moving a window, resizing a

Window

SECOND SEMESTER :

Course Outline 1. Theory (External) : 60 Marks , 36 Hrs.

2. Assignments/ Project/ Study/ Activities/

Practical/ Tests (Internal) , : 40 Marks , 16 Hrs.

Unit - 5 : Curriculum - A Conceptual Framework 16 Marks , 10 Hrs.

5.1. Core-curriculum elements as per NPE 1986.

5.2. National Curriculum Framework (Nov. 2000) in relation to primary education.

5.3. Curriculum adjustment and adaptation to special needs with reference to visual,

hearing, orthopedically impaired and educable mentally retarded children.

5.4. Participatory Learning; Project Based Learning.

5.5. Teachers' Organizational Skills for curricular and co-curricular activities in school

: Literary, Scientific, Artistic, Cultural, celebration of National Days, Outdoor Cocurricular

Activities, Sports and Games, NSS, Cubs/Bulbuls/Scouts/Guides, etc.

Unit - 6 : Educational Evaluation 16 Marks , 10 Hrs.

6.1 Types of evaluation: summative and formative.

6.2 Achievement tests: short answer type, objective type and essay type.

6.3 School examinations: oral, written and practical.

6.4 School records: cumulative records, progress records of children and school

record.

Unit - 7 : Computers: Basic Office Applications , 16 Marks , 10 Hrs.

7.1 M.S.WORD: basic components of M.S Word, creating, saving, editing, opening an

existing document, finding and replacing text, printing documents, print preview

7.2 M.S. PowerPoint: Features, How to Save, Close, Open an Existing Presentation,

Slide Manipulation: Adding, Deleting, Cut, Copy, Paste, Move the Slides.

7.3 M.S. EXCEL: Creating, Saving, opening an existing worksheet, working with

Worksheet: Entering Number, Text, Date/Time, Font, Inserting, Deleting of Cells

Rows and Columns, Various types of Charts.

Unit - 8: Computer networks and use of computers in Education , 12 Marks ,6Hrs

8.1 Basic of Computer networks: LAN, WAN, MAN.

8.2 Internet: Introduction, uses and application/services (services: WWW

and web-sites, Electronic mails)

8.3 Web Browsers: Internet Explorer, Netscape Communicator, Surfing the

Internet-- Giving the URL address, Search and down loading

8.4 Email: Creating an e-mail id, viewing and sending e-mail, sending soft copy as

attachment, enclosures to email

8.5 Computer Aided Instructions: meaning and relevance in 21st century

8.6 Virtual Schooling, Use of ICT in EDUSAT and open and distance education,

curriculum transaction through traditional vs. multimedia method

COURSE ‐ II: EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY

FIRST SEMESTER:

Course Outline 1. Theory (External) : 60 Marks

36 Hrs.

2. Assignments/ Projects/ Study/

Activities/ Practical/ Tests (Internal) : 40 Marks , 18 Hrs.

Unit ‐ 1: Nature and Role of Psychology in Education. 15 Marks

8 Hrs.

1.1. Meaning and Nature of Educational Psychology.

‐ Educational psychology as an applied field.

‐ Educational psychology as a discipline.

1.2. Scope of Educational Psychology; Relevance of educational psychology for the

primary school teacher in understanding the situation.

1.3 Approaches to understand learner's behaviour at childhood and pre‐adolescent

stages.

Unit ‐ 2: Growth and Development of the learner 35 Marks

24 Hrs.

2.1. Concept of growth and development.

2.2 Principle of development.

2.3. Stages of development, development tasks of childhood and pre‐adolescence

stages.

2.4. Characteristics of physical, emotional, social and language development during

childhood and pre‐adolescence stage.

2.5. Cognitive development; Piaget’s stages of intellectual development and its

implications for teachers.

2.6. Common play activities of children and their role in growth and development.

Unit ‐ 3: Individual Differences among learners 10 Marks , 4 Hrs.

3.1 Meaning and Nature of intra‐individual and inter‐individual differences among

learners, individual differences in ability, aptitude, personality, achievement and

their educational implications.

SECOND SEMESTER:

Course Outline 1. Theory (External) : 60 Marks , 36 Hrs.

2. Assignments/ Projects/ Study/

Activities/ Practical/ Tests (Internal) : 40 Marks , 18 Hrs.

Unit ‐ 1 : Methods for understanding learner's behaviour 15 Marks

12 Hrs.

1.1. Observation

1.2. Interview

1.3. Survey

1.4. Case study

1.5. Experiments

Unit ‐ 2: Personality Development and Adjustment 25 Marks

17 Hrs.

2.1. Meaning and definition of personality.

2.2 Personality development during childhood; methods of developing personality at preadolescent

stages with special reference to socialization (habit and trait formation).

2.3. Concept of self interests, attitudes and values.

2.4. Concept of mental health, adjustment at home and school.

Unit ‐ 3: Intelligence and creativity 20 Marks , 7 Hrs.

3.1 Concept of intelligence and mental abilities, mental ability tests and their uses.

3.2 Multiple intelligence

3.3 Creativity and aesthetic appreciation: meaning and nature of creativity, methods of

nurturing creative talents.

Download D - ed curriculam

D.Ed.

CURRICULUM

COURSE-I: EDUCATION IN EMERGING INDIA

First Semester

Course outline 1. Theory (External) : 60 marks , 36 hrs

2. Assignments/Projects/Study/: 40 marks

Activities/Practical/Tests/ 18 hrs

(Internal)

Unit -1: Our Heritage , 20 marks , 10 hrs

1.1 Our common cultural heritage, its compositeness, unity in diversity, richness and

continuity.

1.2 Role of Education in the preservation of cultural heritage of India.

1.3 Illustration: Indian achievement in Arts, Science & Technology and Literature.

Unit -2: Contemporary Scene and Emerging Future 18 marks , 12 hrs

2.1 Indian Society: Its broad social, moral, economic, educational and political scenario.

2.2 National goals as embodied in the Indian Constitution

(a) Democratic ideals of free India.

(b) Socialistic ideals of free India.

(c) Secular ideals of free India.

2.3 Values cherished in free India

Unit-3: Educational Thinkers – 22 Marks - 14 hrs

Aurobindo, Gandhi, Tagore and Gijubhai (Works: Divaswapna, Gijubhai Ki Bal

Kahaniyan, Chalte Phirte Shiksha, Katha Kahani Ka Shastra ) and their impact on the

emerging Indian Society.

Second Semester

Course outline 1. Theory (External) : 60 marks , 36 hrs

2. Assignments/Projects/Study/ : 40 marks

Activities/Practical/Tests/ 18 hrs (Internal)

Unit-4: Education , 24 marks , 16 hrs

4.1 Meaning: Education for inducting the children into their Socio- Cultural Setting:

Education as a lifelong process.

4.2 Aims: Education for reconstruction of experiences, education for adjustment with social,

natural and work environment.

4.3 Forms: Informal, Formal and Non-Formal, Non-Formalising of Formal Education.

4.4 Agencies: Informal- Family, Community and Village Education Committee (VEC), State,

Formal Education (School), Non formal Education, Adult Education (A.E.) and Open

school, Distance Education.

Unit-5: Educational goals of the emerging Indian society. 16 marks

8 hrs

5.1 Linking Education with Productivity

5.2 Promotion of Emotional and National Integration

5.3 Developing International Understanding.

Unit-6: Important aspects of education 20 marks , 12 hrs

6.1 NCF 2005(salient features, Difference from NCF 2000, Constructivist Approach).

6.2 Legal aspects in Elementary Education.

6.3 RTE 2009

6.4 Human Rights and Child Rights.

6.5 Fundamental Duties.

Venkteshwara college by Sunny & Narender

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